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“The attractiveness of correct grammar and punctuation cannot be overstated.”
It is no wonder that the comma is perhaps the most misused and abused amongst all other punctuation marks in English. Even the most proficient essay writers sometimes get intimidated with the comma ruleslike – When to use commas, how to use commas in a list, etc.
A lot of rule is applied when it comes to how to use commas properly. And more often than not, the factors determining how to use commas in a sentence are very intricate and sensitive.
Continue reading the blog below to learn about the proper use of commas and different comma rules used in English.
Before we learn how to use a comma, we should know about this punctuation mark in detail.
A period shows the end of a sentence a while a comma shows a smaller break within the sentence. If you are trying to figure outwhen to use commas in a sentence, know that several writersuse commas to indicate a soft pause.
If you wonder why use commas in a sentence, remember that a comma is a punctuation mark that separates clauses, words, and ideas within a sentence.
To better understand where to use commas and how to use commas in a sentence, here are nine fundamental rules:
If you don’t know how to use commas in a long sentence, use a comma before a coordinating conjunction when combining two complete ideas or independent clauses. Some coordinating conjunctions are – and, but, show, yet common or, for, or.
Example:
The use of commas is crucial after an introductory phrase/clause. When you use commas after an introductory phrase, it tells the readers that the clause has ended and the essential part of the sentence is about to start.
Example:
If you are wondering how to use commas in a list, use a comma to separate each item within the series or list. A series is a group of items (three or more) serving the same purpose within a sentence.
Example:
The essential clauses of a sentence are called restrictive clauses, and the non-essential clauses are called non-restrictive. You should use a comma toenclose the clauses that do not impart meaning to the sentence.
Remember both restrictive and non-restrictive clauses may start with a relative pronoun. A relative pronounintroduces a relative clause referring to some antecedent. Some examples of relative pronouns are-who, whose, which, that, whom etc.
Example:
Appositives are nouns or noun phrases renaming a nearby noun. Usually, appositives offer non-essential information. However, to ensure proper use of commas, remember non-restrictive appositives are set off with commas, while restrictive appositives are not.
Example:
In a sentence when the speaker deems the person to whom he is speaking, it is called a direct address.Direct address is designated by the use of commas or a single comma, depending upon the sentence structure.
Example:
A conversation between two or more individuals is known as a dialogue. According to standard comma rules, in a dialogue, when the speaker is identified, their name or the noun or pronoun used to refer to the speaker, and the verb referring to their speaking is enclosed between commas.
Example:
Till now, we discussed how to use commas for different sentence structures. Now let’s discuss the use of commaswith addresses, dates, numbers and titles.
Different elements of a place name or an address Are separated by using commas. However, a zip code does not need the use of commas.
Example:
If you are wondering when to use commasin a sentence that mentions a date, keep in mind that the year is set off from the rest of the sentence using commas.
Example:
When the numbers are four digits long or more, make sure to use commas for separating the numbers into groups of three. And while doing so, always start from the right. However, for numbers that are four digits long, the use of commas is optional.
Example:
In a sentence, if a title is followed by a name, the title is separated from the rest of the sentence with a pair of commas.
Example:
Whether you put a comma before and relies upon how you're utilizing "and" in the sentence, there's no single standard that applies to all circumstances. You typically put a comma before and when it's combining two independent clauses. It's quite often discretionary to put a comma before and in a list.
Now that you have learned how to use commas in a sentence, let's discuss two fundamental rules of using a semicolon:
Rule 1- Semicolons are used between two complete sentences which are not joined by coordinating conjunction like and, for, so, but, yet, or.
Example:
I do not like to eat icecream. Pizza is my favourite.
This can be rewritten like:
I do not like to eat ice cream; Pizza is my favourite.
Rule 2- You can use a semicolon between two complete sentences linked by transitional words like- Similarly, meanwhile, next, for example, in conclusion, etc. A comma often follows the transitional words in a sentence.
Example:
I do not like to take a cab. However, I need to get one if I need to reach the theatres in time.
This can be rewritten like:
I do not like to take a cab; however, I need to get one if I need to reach the theatres in time.
Parentheses and commas are often used together, however, serving different purposes within the sentence. Thus, commas are used with parentheses only if the sentence requires a comma without the parentheses.
Example
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Incorrect
Commas are important but tricky. But that does not mean you cannot master the art of inserting perfect punctuations. With a bit of patience and practice, you will ace your writing eventually.
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