BIOL40108 Introductory Biology

Task:

Question 1. 

Provide brief notes to clearly differentiate between the following pairs of terms. Make sure you note the major points of difference (you may need to look in a number of places to find all points; don’t just go for the most obvious ones). The number of marks allocated reflects the detail we expect for each pair of terms.

a)animal cell & plant cell 

b)ectoderm & endoderm

c)metaphase & anaphase

d)cellulose & glycogen

e)transcription & translation

Question 2. 

Answer the following genetics questions for the parents BB and AO, where the dominant alleles A and B represent the alleles for blood proteins. Use the Punnett square below to work out the possible offspring.

a)Show your Punnett square:

b)Is the genotype BB heterozygous or homozygous? 

c)Which allele/s is/are dominant in the blood type AB? 

d)What blood type will the genotype AO have?

e)What are all the possible genotypes from this cross of BB and AO?

f)What are the possible phenotypes from this cross of BB and AO?

g)What is the % chance that any offspring will be BO?

h)Will all offspring have B type blood proteins?

i)Will any offspring have blood type AO?

j)What is the term we use to refer to the observed state for any trait (e.g. blood type B)? 

Question 3.

a)Define osmosis.

b)If I place a cell into pure water and it doesn’t burst, is it an animal cell or a plant cell? Why does this happen?

c)Is the sodium-potassium pump a passive OR active transport process (name the correct one)? 

Question 4.

What is the complementary DNA sequence for the following sequence of DNA?

Question 5.

Read the following descriptions for each organelle/structure. Write the name of the organelle/structure that matches that description and then provide the best corresponding letter from the labelled diagram below.

a)This is the organelle where cellular respiration produces energy for the cell in the form of the molecule adenosine triphosphate

b)This structure allows molecules to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

c)This organelle is part of the endomembrane system and is involved in detoxification of drugs and poisons and lipid synthesis

d)These are small ‘hairs’ that project from the cell membrane; these line the trachea’s epithelium to allow foreign particles to be moved away from the lungs

e)The protein microtubules of the mitotic spindle arise from this organelle

Question 6.

In Module 11, I asked you to consider facets of human ecology and think about your own footprint. I also asked you to write short notes to explain two questions—What effects do we have and how can we mitigate these? What can you do as an individual to reduce your footprint and the effect on the world around you?

Write a short essay (of at least 500 words—around 1–2 pages) discussing your thoughts about the effect you have and how you as an individual can reduce your footprint. Discuss at least three different things you believe you can do and how it would reduce your footprint. Do not cite external references such as journals or textbooks—this MUST be from your own thoughts and not from other sources. Remember to present this in the appropriate essay structure with appropriate formal language and grammar.